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第一单元

EXERCISES

Vocabulary

associate   tackle   agony   put down   vivid  respectable  sequence  distribute off and on  finally   extraordinary  rigid  reputation  hold back  tedious  turn in

1)      Alan was always in trouble with the police when he was young but he’s now a ___________ married man.

1)      respectable

2)      The people who had been hurt in the car accident lay screaming in _______.

2) agony

3) Because his condition’s not serious they’ve __________ his name _______ on the hospital waiting list.

3) put down

4) The second part of the book describes the strange ___________ of events that lead to the King’s fall from the power.

4) sequence

5) When I saw my little boy crying bitterly over the death of his pet dog, I could hardly ________my tears.

5) hold back

6) They are going to ________ those clothes and blankets among the flood victims.

6) distribute

7) Linda managed to support herself by working ____________ as a waitress.

7) off and on

8) Parts of my childhood are so _______ to me that they could be memories of yesterday.

8) vivid

9) People often _________the old days with good times, and seem to forget the hardship they suffered.

9) associate

10) Andrew ________decided, after much thought, to leave his job.

10) finally

11) Jane’s worried she won’t be able to _________her paper on time.

11) turn in

12) The President came under attack from all sides for his inability to __________the country’s severe social problems.

12) tackle

Translation

1)      那是个正规宴会，我照妈妈对我讲的那样穿着礼服去了。(formal)

1)  As it was a formal party, I wore formal dress as my mother had told me.

2)      他的女友劝他趁抽烟的坏习惯尚未根深蒂固之前把它改掉。(take hold)

2）His girlfriend advised him to get rid of his bad habit of smoking before it took hold.

3) 他们预料到下几个月电的需求量很大，决定增加生产。(anticipate)

3）Anticipating that the demand for electricity will be high during next few months, they have decided to increase its production.

4) 据说比尔因一再违反公司的安全规章而被解雇。(violate)

4)  It is said that Bill has been fired for continually violating the company’s safety rules.

5）据报道地方政府已采取适当措施避免严重缺水的可能性(avoid, severe)。

5)  It is reported that the government has taken proper measures to avoid the possibility of severe water shortage.

第二单元

1.       Fill in the gaps with words or phrases given in the box. Change the form where necessary.

available, go ahead, keep in touch, absolutely, urge, estimate, reunion, hang out, destination, or something, go by, every now and then, mostly, know by heart, right away, reference

1)      There was no wind and the oak tree behind the house as standing _________ still. (absolutely)

2)      If you don’t want to buy a kite, you can make your own using directions ________ in books at your local library. (available)

3)      The girl walked steadily north, pausing ___________ to check her direction. (every now and then)

4)      The trade unions ____________ employers to invest more money in staff training. (are urging/ urged)

5)      As a sailing ship has a ___________, so we must have a definite goal in our life. (destination)

6)      Before people knew how to make and use metals, engineering constructions were ________ built of wood or stone. (mostly)

7)      You’ll probably find Dave at the school disco--- he often __________ there. (hangs out)

8)      If your house has been broken into, don’t touch anything. Call the police __________. (right away)

9)      We had a family ____________ where I saw relatives I hadn’t seen for 20 years. (reunion)

10)    I guess Henry has been busy writing an article _________ recently. That’s why he couldn’t accept the invitation. (or something)

11)    Scientists _________ that smoking reduces life expectancy by around 12 years on average. (estimate)

12)    Although it is unlikely that everyone will be able to come, they are still ________ with the plan to hold a class reunion. (going ahead)

2.       Translate the sentences into English, using the words or phrases in brackets.

1)      半个小时过去了，但末班车还没来。我们只好走回家。(go by)

Half an hour had gone by, but the last bus hadn’t come yet. We had to walk home.

2)      玛丽看上去对汉语考试很担心，因为她还没有背熟课文。(lean… by heart)

Mary looks as if she is very worried about the Chinese exam because she hasn’t learned the texts by heart.

3)      既然篮球赛已被推迟，我们不妨去参观博物馆。(postpone)

Since the basketball match has been postponed, we might as well visit the museum.

4)      整个二次世界大战期间他一直和父母住在澳大利亚。(all the way)

He stayed in Australia with his parents all the way through World War II.

5)      自1985年从南京大学毕业至今，可以说我与我的大学同学失去了联系。(kind of, lose touch)

Since I graduated from Nanjing University in 1985, I have kind of lost touch with my classmates.

第三单元

5.1 Vocabulary

Fill in the gaps with words or phrases given in the box. Change the form where necessary.

initiative                evident                  precise                       grasp put across              anyway                 in the form of            cut off tend                      convey                  concept                        in two minds brief                            proportion        in terms of                   sufficient

1. It’ll only be a          visit because recently we haven’t much time.

brief

2. The job is great          advancement, but the starting salary is rather low.

  In terms of

3. We’d better pay that electricity bill before they         us          .

   cut off

4. As pace of life quickens things          to change fast in the city.

   tend

5. Why don’t we get rid of the old chairs, since we don’t use them          .

   anyway

6. The earth’s atmosphere makes          observation of distant stars difficult.

   precise

7. The lawn was laid out          the figure 8.

   in front of

8. I shouldn’t always have to tell you what to do, use your own          .

   initiative

9. Words cannot          how grateful we are for his timely help.

convey

10. It seems to me that the board of directors is          over the opening of a branch office in South African.

   in two minds

11. I find it difficult to grasp the         of infinite space.

   concept

12. Phillip presented a complex argument that was completely beyond my          .

   grasp

5.2 Translation

1) 正如科学家所预言的那样，全球污染成了人类面临的最严重的问题之一。（global）

1) As is predicted by scientists, global pollution has become one of the most serious problems humans are faced with.

2) 谋求这些职位的竞争很激烈-----今年的求职者（applicant）是去年的五倍。（competition）

2) Competition for these jobs is very tough –we have five times as many applicants this year as we did last year/ there are five times as many applicants this year as there were last year.

3) 正如事实表明的那样，教育大纲应当符合国家的经济发展计划。（fit into）

3) As the facts show, educational programs need to fit into the national plan for economical development.

4）这辆汽车太费油（burn too much gas），而且价钱几乎是我想付的两倍。（moreover）

4) The car burns too much gas, and moreover, the price is almost twice as much as I intend to pay.

5）要了解一起重大的国际事件，我们首先要考虑其历史与政治背景。（background）

5) To understand a great international event, we, first of all, need to consider the historical and political background to it.

第四单元

Exercise

I. Vocabulary (P91)

1) It was already a _____when two weeks later the police found his stolen car and he had to buy a new one.

1) wreck

2) With great patience, the clerk showed the elderly lady how to check the ______ in her bank account on an ATM(自动出纳机).

2) balance

3) If you look out of the window on the left side of the bus, you’ll see that we’re now ________ the Tower of London.

  3) approaching

4) There’ll certainly be some problems, but nothing that you can’t _____.

4) handle 

5) People who _______ litter in the streets should be fined heavily.

5) discard   

6) Successful businessmen today are likely to be young, aggressive(有进取心).

6) Above all

7) During those difficult years, the family lived almost entirely on a ____ of cabbages.

  7) diet

8) What are we going to ______ the food left over from the party?

8) do with

9) We _______ Tom’s age by getting his birth record.

9) checked on

10) We’ll go out as soon as I’ve _______ the kitchen.

  10) cleaned up

11) For women lawyers in the United States, their ______ earnings are on the average much less than those of male lawyers.

11) weekly

12) I won’t get involved in a deal like this — it’s against all my _____.

    12) principles

III Translation (P91)

1)    据报道，联合国斡旋者（mediators）制定出了他们希望双方都能接受的方案。

Answer: 

1）It is reported that UN mediators have worked out a plan which they hope will be acceptable to both sides.

2)    多丽丝小心翼翼地在深林里走，害怕遭到大蛇攻击。（giant）

Answer: 

2）Doris walked in the forest cautiously, afraid of being attacked by giant snakes.

3)   地震、台风和其他自然灾害（disaster）无法防止， 但可采取行动保护生命财产。（property）

 Answer: 

3）Earthquakes, typhoons and other natural disasters cannot be prevented, but action can be taken to protect life and property.

4) 我买了一期新的我最喜欢的体育杂志就赶紧回家，急着想读之自娱（amuse）。   

Answer:

4）I bought a new issue of my favorite sports magazine and hurried home, anxious to amuse myself reading it.

5) 海伦缺乏信心我从未遇到过像她那样没有自信的（unsure of oneself）人。（confidnce）

 Answer:

5）Helen lacks confidence. I’ve never known anyone so unsure of herself.

第五单元

1.       Exercise of vocabulary.

1) A       statement is a general term for a personalized financial record that regularly informs a recipient about the status of his or her account.

Answer: monthly

2) Over a hundred children came to the annual Christmas Party which was a good opportunity for them to gather and renew       .

Answer: acquaintance

3) My parents’ marriage was a        of this time – those years of so-called cultural revolution, with no wedding ceremony and no honeymoon.

Answer: classic

4) Having failed in the examination, Owen didn’t dare       his father      .

Answer: look…in the eyes

5) Britain still has a bicycle industry; frames and complete bicycles are       here, though most of the components are imported.

Answer: manufactured

6) The employees of the company are treated right with handsome paychecks and stock      .

Answer: options

7) San Francisco is one of the largest cities in California and a leading center of the culture,    

       , and industry in the United States.

Answer: finance

8) Steve announced just now that he was leaving, but the coach had already started looking around for a       weeks before.

Answer: replacement

9) Shortly after he learned of the earthquake, the man hurried back to his hometown, searching high and low to find out whether his parents had        the calamity.

Answer: survived

10) I was listening for Grace’s voice, but it wasn’t easy to _____ it       among all others.

Answer: pick…out

11) The survey reveals that an increasing number of young people claim they enjoy     life.

Answer: married

12) Someone        the letter I was reading. Looking up, I was delightfully surprised to find that it was my former classmate.

Answer: grabbed at

2.       Exercise of translation. Translate the following sentences into English, using the words or phrases in brackets.

1) 我不太清楚哪你能找到好木匠 (carpenter) --你最好四处打听打听。(ask around)

Answer: I was not sure where you can find a good carpenter—you’d better ask around.

2）他有点尴尬，赶紧清了清喉咙，抬头看着墙上的画。(embarrass)

Answer: Feeling a little embarrassed, he quickly cleared his throat and looked up at the painting on the wall.

3）迈克尔去世了，留下三个儿子、两个女儿和妻子伊莉莎白。(survive)

Answer: Michael was survived by three sons, two daughters and his wife Elizabeth.

4）作为金融专家，威廉建议我们投资股票市场。(stock)

Answer: As a financial expert, William advised us to invest our money in the stock market.

5）我们这些小零售商 (retailer) 无法和超市在价格和销售等方面竞争。(compete)

Answer: we small retailers can’t compete with supermarkets in pricing and sales.

第六单元

4.2Vocabulary Exers(p161):

Thrust      overseas       fertile      split      keen      sustain      grip    reflect Identify     margin        previous    hesitate   bud       whichever    slim   glow

1)      The former lake bed is now a ______ plain producing crops of wheat. (fertile)

2)      Aunt Pat’s rough, red hands _____ a life of hard physical labor.  (reflected)

3)      If you are living ______, you may not have to pay tax in your own country.  (overseas)

4)      Helen is pretty, of _____ build, with blue eyes. (slim)

5)      We _____ the boards down the middle to use them for the back of the shelves. (split)

6)      Only the hope that the rescuers were getting nearer _____ the trapped miners.   (sustained)

7)      The _____ of the setting sun reddened the stream.  (glow)

8)      The kidnappers _____ the boy into the car and drove off. (thrust)

9)      It is common knowledge that dogs have a _____ sense of smell.  (keen)

10)   The usually cold winter caused many plants to _____ late this year.  (bud)

11)   Training is provided, so no _____ experience is required for the job. (previous)

12)   We can go to the seven o’clock performance or the eight --- ______ suits you best. (whichever)

4.3Translation (p165):

1) 我上大学之前,祖父对我说的那几句充满智慧的话给我留下深刻印象. (wisdom)

   Before I went off to university, my grandfather gave me a few words of wisdom which impressed me deeply.

2) 千万别把我的伤势告诉父母,我会很感激你的.(be grateful to sb. for sth.)

   Never tell my parents about my injuries and I’ll be very grateful to you (for it).

3) 我们有几个同事在会上提出了改进工作环境的合理建议.(sensible)

   At the meeting some of our colleagues put forward sensible suggestions about improving our working environment. 

4)迫于工会的压力,资方(management) 同意给工人增加10%的工资. (in response to)

   The management has/have agreed to grant the workers a 10% pay rise in response to union pressure.

5) 女主人考虑得很周到,在我们到来之前把房子打扫得干干净净.(thoughtful)

   It was very thoughtful of the hostess to give the house a thorough cleaning before we arrived.

第七单元

Fill in the gaps with words or phrases given in the box. Change the form where necessary.

assess                 disaster               gaze              expand cooperate              horizon               relieve            encounter in sb.`s interest(s)       controversy            switch            wipe out extend                 go far                only to            original

1) The financial help they got from the local government didn`t                   toward solving the problems.

   1）go gar

2) Their retail business in Asia                     rapidly since the early 1990s.

   2）has expanded.

3)                                 world peace, we must promote mutual understanding among nations with different social systems.

   3）in the interest(s) of 

4) I thought it was still early, yet I got to the library                     find it closed.

   4）only to

5) On the train I                    an old lady who happened to be a neighbor of my daughter`s when she lived in Los Angeles.

   5）encountered

6) Our company                                  with several American companies for the past few years in joint ventures.

   6）has cooperated

7) Phil looked around at the other competitors and                         his chances of winning.

   7）assessed

8) The police believed that the reason they failed to find anything suspicious in that guy`s bag was that members of the gang                                 bags at the airport.

  8） ( had ) switched

9) Our visit to the Far East has certainly broadened our                             .

   9）horizons

10) Emily felt extremely uncomfortable under the woman`s steady                        .

   10））gaze

11) Everything was going smoothly until suddenly the                          struck.

  11） disaster

12) Smallpox, which used to be a severe epidemic disease, has been completely             .

   12）wiped out

Translate the sentences into English, using the words or phrases in brackets.

1）  当地一家公司承担了此项工程，但工程没完成就破产了。(undertake)

A local business undertook the project but went bankrupt before it was completed.

2）  我和你做笔交易——你替我洗车，我晚上把车借给你开。(make a deal)

Let`s make a deal---you wash my car, and I`ll let you use it tonight.

3）  我们到达那个我们本以为已毁于那次大地震的村庄时，却发它只受到轻微的损失。(wipe out, only to )

We got to the village which we thought must have been wiped out in the severe earthquake, only to find it slightly damaged.

4）  我的花园既干燥又背阴(shady)。在那样的环境里，很少有植物能茁壮成长。(thrive)

My garden is dry and shady---few plants thrive in that condition.

5）  那位电影明星的死亡真相至今仍被谜团(mystery)笼罩着。(surrond)

Mystery still surrounds the exact truth behind the film star`s death / exact circumstances of the film star`s death.

 

第八单元

Language Focus (exercises and reference answer)

1.       Vocabulary: fill in the gaps with words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary.

handful       manual      intellectual    jam      slice       luxury      industrial scare         upset        miracle      idle     function    private      ignorant wake up      break down

1) The problem of air pollution in our city is very serious because ours is a big zone of both residential and             buildings.

(industrial)

2) Average students who work hard usually do better than clever students who are            .

(idle)

3) When the camera             properly, a green light comes on.

(is functioning)

4) The fundamental issue in the current debate is whether environmental lead contamination causes             impairment in children.

(intellectual)

5) The girl,             and trembling, stood in the doorway hiding from the man who had followed her.

(scared)

6) It is reported that no more than a             of U.S. companies have been successful in the Japanese market.

(handful)

7) I’ve been doing the summer job for two months now. It would be a             to be able to have a day off.

(luxury)

8) Clarence refused to comment on the state of his marriage, saying it is “a            matter.

(private)

9) William             late and didn’t get to work until ten o’clock.

(woke up)

10) We agreed before we did the deal that we’d both take an equal             of the profit.

(slice)

11) When you look at the state of his car it’s a             that he wasn’t killed.

(miracle)

12) A week before the Spring Festival the telephone exchange             with people wanting to book train tickets.

(was jammed)

2.       Translation: translate the sentences into English, using the words or phrases in bracket.

1)      没有个人档案，求职者很难指望受雇当老师。 (file)

(Without his personal file, an applicant can hardly expect to get / be employed as a teacher.)

2)      有了足够的冰，我们就能冰这些饮料了。 (chill)

(With enough ice, we should be able to shill the drinks.)

3)      依我愚见，阅读是打发闲暇的最悦人方式。 (humble, leisure)

(In my humble opion, reading is the most pleasant way to spend one’s leisure.)

4)      有人说， 美国运动员迈克尔·菲尔普斯(Michael Phelps)在2008北京奥运会上赢得八枚金牌简直是个奇迹。 (miracle)

(Some people said it was simply a miracle that the American athlete Michael Phelps won eight gold medals at the 2008 Bejing Olympic Games.)

5)      洗衣机坏了，我们只能用手洗衣服了。(break down)

(The washing machine has broken down, so we have to wash our clothes by hand.)