Section A Being Honest and Open
I. Selected words
1. demonstrate vt. 1. show clearly 演示,证明
You have to demonstrate how to operate the computer. 你得演示一下如何使用这台计算机。
vi. 2. take part in a march or meeting to protest or to make demands 参加游行;示威
Some 30,000 angry farmers are demonstrating in the central square.大约三万愤怒的农民在中央广场举行示威。
2. integrity n. honesty 诚实
His integrity is unquestioned. 他的诚实是毋庸置疑的。
3. morality n.
1. moral values; right or wrong 道德
It's not a question of morality but a question of conscience. 不是道德问题,而是良心问题。
2. quality; goodness 德行
One's morality often reflects his conscience. 人的品行常常与良心连在一起。
4. apply v.
1. give or have an effect; use for a purpose(使)产生作用, 适用于; 运用
The rules of safe driving apply to everyone. 安全驾驶的规则适用于每一个人。
He knows the rule but does not know how to apply it to his work. 他知道这条规则,但不知道如何将它运用到工作中去。
2. request officially 申请
She is applying for a job as secretary. 她正申请做秘书工作。
3. cause to work hard; devote 致力于
The reason for his failure in the exam is that he didn't apply himself to his study. 他考试不及格的原因是学习不用功。
5. ensure vt. 1. make sure or certain 确保
Come early to ensure getting a good seat. 早些来,以确保有个好座位。
The novel ensured his name as a great writer. 这部小说使他获得了大作家的美誉。
2. make sure of getting; secure 担保
A letter of introduction will ensure you an interview. 一封介绍信可以使你得到面试的机会。
This medicine will ensure you a good night's sleep. 这药可保你睡个好觉。
c.f. assure vt.1. tell positively or confidently 郑重告知
I assure you that this medicine cannot harm you. 我郑重告诉你,这药对你无害。
2. make (oneself) sure or certain; convince 使确信
Before going to bed she assured herself that the door was locked. 睡觉前,她确保自己已把门锁上了。
6. preserve vt. 1. keep; protect保存;保护
We need to preserve the forest. 我们需要保护这片森林。
I hope that fate may preserve you from all harm. 我祈祷命运保佑你平安。
2. store 储存
preserved eggs 皮蛋
preserved fruit果脯
7. yield v.1. give up; quit 屈服;放弃
He yields to temptation easily. 他很容易受诱惑。
2. produce 出产;生长于
This research has been in progress since 1978 and has yielded many positive results. 这项研究自1978年以来一直在进行,并已取得了许多实际成果。
This piece of land yielded a crop worth $500,000 last year. 这块地去年长出的庄稼值50万美元。
8. stand for
1. hold (an opinion); mean or believe (something such as a principle) 主张;相信
This party stands for equal treatment in employment and fair trading. 这个党主张平等就业和公平贸易。
2. accept or bear (something bad); bear with 承受;忍受
If there is one thing I won't stand for, it's being treated like an office boy.如果有什么事我不能忍受的话,那就是被人当作跑腿的使唤。
What she can't stand for is that he smokes in her office.她不能忍受的是他在她的办公室里抽烟。
3. represent 代表
What do these three letters stand for? 这3个字母代表什么?
9. account for
1. give a statement about something (esp. money)报告(钱如何用)
You have to account to the Head Office for any stamps you use. 你得向总部说明那些邮票的用途。
2. be or give a reason for (something or doing something) 说明(原因);解释(原因)
Bill must be ill; it's the only thing that accounts for his being away. 比尔一定生病了,这是惟一能解释他缺席的原因。
"The radio is out of order." "Oh, that would account for the strange noise it's making." "收音机坏了。""喔,这可能就是它发出那种怪声音的原因。"
1. rely on/upon: depend on/upon; count on/upon 依赖;依靠
She had proved that she could be relied on in a crisis. 事实证明,在危难时刻她是可以依靠的。
You can't rely on him for assistance. 你不能指望他来帮助你。
II. Key Sentences Structures
1. With "not only" or "only" placed at the beginning of a sentence, the sentence order should be inverted (倒装) as you find it in the reading passage.
Not only did I lose my joy in answering questions, but also I totally lost my desire to say anything at all in English. (Para.3)
Only in this way can you hope to finish the work at the end of this month.
Not only did we enjoy the film, but we also had a wonderful time.
2. 现在分词的否定式;即动词的-ing 分词的否定形式作伴随状语。
Not seeing John, I asked where he was.
I eagerly answered all the questions, never worrying much about making mistakes.
III. Discuss the following questions.
1. Why did my grandparents believe that “you were either honest or you were not”?
2. According to the grandparents, what does integrity involve?
3. What’s wrong with integrity today?
4. According to the author what are the three principles that constitute the Integrity Triangle?
Section B
IV. Selected words:
1. cheat v. act dishonestly; treat someone by lying 欺骗
He always cheats at cards. 他玩牌时老玩骗术。
Students may be tempted to cheat in order to get into top schools. 为进入一流学校,学生可能忍不住作弊。
He&n, bsp;cheated the old woman out of her money by making her sign a paper she didn't understand. 他让这老太太在她看不懂的文件上签名,以此骗取她的钱。
n. a person who cheats 骗子
No one likes cheats. 没人会喜欢骗子。
2. ultimate a. 1. greatest 最大的
His ultimate goal at the moment is to go and study out of the country. 他眼下最大的目标是出国留学。
2. the last or farthest distant; being at the end or happening in the end 最终的;最后的
The ultimate cost of the job was over a hundred dollars. 这项工作的最后费用是100多美元。
3. contemporary a. 1.modern; of the present 当代的
a dictionary of contemporary English 一部当代英语词典
contemporary history 当代历史
2.of the same time 同代的
Keats was contemporary with Shelley.
n. a person who belongs to the same period of time同代人
Keats and Shelley were contemporaries.
John is my contemporary; we are both 52. 约翰和我是同代人,我们都是52岁。
4. fake vt. 1. make or copy to trick 伪造;造假
I thought the painting was old but it had been faked. 我以为这是幅古画,但却是赝品。
The picture was faked by sticking together two photos. 这张照片是把两张照片拼在一起伪造的。
2. pretend 假装
She faked illness so that she did not have to go to school. 她假装生病,这样就不用上学了。
n. a person or thing that is not what he/she/it looks like or sth. that is not real 假货;赝品
His diamond ring looked genuine, but it was a fake.他的钻戒看起来像真的,但实际是膺品。
I thought he was a minister but he was a fake and robbed me. 我以为他是个传教士,但实际上是个冒牌货,还抢了我的钱。
The criminal had a fake identity card.那个犯罪分子有一张伪造的身份证。
5. reconcile vt. 1. make peace between; make friendly again 和解
They quarrelled but now they are completely reconciled. 他们争吵过,但现在已和好如初。
2. find agreement between (2 actions or ideas) 调和
I can't reconcile those two ideas.我无法调和这两种思想。
How do you reconcile your principles with your behavior? 你怎么使你的原则和行为一致起来?
irreconcilable a. impossible to bring into agreement 不可调和的
The partners' differences seem irreconcilable. 合伙人之间的分歧似乎难以调和。
Good and evil are irreconcilable. 善与恶不可调和。
6. dilemma n. a difficult choice between two (bad) things; a problem 进退维谷;难处
She was in a dilemma as to whether to marry John, who was poor, or Charles, who was ugly. 是嫁给穷鬼约翰还是嫁给丑八怪查尔斯,她陷入了进退两难的境地。
They managed to find a way out of their dilemma. 他们设法找到了一个摆脱困境的办法。
7. perceive vt.
1. see 看见
Did you perceive the mark on the wall? 你看到墙上的斑点了吗?
A key task is to get pupils to perceive for themselves the relationship between success and effort. 重要的是让学生自己看到成功与努力之间的关系。
2. take in with the mind; understand 理解;明白
I soon perceived that I could not make him change his mind. 我很快就认识到了我无法使他改变主意。
They strangely perceive television as entertainment.他们奇怪地将电视看作是一种娱乐。
8. incline v.1.tend to; feel drawn to 倾向;意欲
I inclined to the view that he is right. 我倾向于认为他是对的。
2. tend to influence or cause (someone) to feel, think, etc. 使倾向;使意欲
The news inclined me to change my mind. 这消息使我产生了改变主意的念头。
be inclined to: be likely to; tending to 倾向于;容易(做)
I am inclined to agree with you on this point. 在这一点上,我倾向于赞同你的见解。
I am inclined to think that he has done a better job than any of you. 我更倾向于认为他做得比你们任何人都好。
9. transform vt. change completely 改变;改造
She married him with an intention to transform him. 她嫁给他是想改变他。
She succeeded in transforming him from a hard drinking man into a devoted husband and father. 她成功地将他从一个酒鬼改变成了一个尽心的丈夫和父亲。
V. Reading Skills:
Distinguishing between Facts and Opinions
The ability to tell the difference between facts on one hand and the writer's opinions or interpretations on the other is a crucial comprehension skill.
Facts are statements that tell what really happened or what the case is, and they are usually based on direct evidence. Opinions, on the other hand, are statements of belief, judgement or feeling.
Opinions, of course, are often based on facts - but they also involve the writer's personal interpretation of the facts, which may or may not match your interpretation of them.
The biggest difficulty in distinguishing fact from opinion, however, may arise when you agree with the writer's opinion: When we believe something very strongly, it's easy to mistake our opinions for facts! So critical reading involves careful examination of our own beliefs as well as the author's.
The ability to tell the difference between facts on the one hand and the writer’s opinions or interpretations on the other is a crucial comprehension skill.
Post-teaching Note: